The Bank of Italy published its May €-coin estimate, showing the euro-area activity indicator fell to 0.45 from 0.52 in April. The indicator, which tracks the underlying pace of quarterly GDP growth in the euro area, was weighed down by low consumer and business confidence, partly due to weakening demand and pressures on supply chains. €-coin is published monthly by the Bank of Italy and CEPR and is designed to give an early reading of euro-area GDP growth by stripping out seasonal variation, measurement errors and short-term volatility. The next publication dates are 2 July and 4 August, subject to confirmation.