The Thailand Office of Insurance Commission has published a summary of its seminar on the role of insurance in the PM2.5 era, framing fine-particle pollution as a systemic risk rather than only an environmental problem. The office said insurers need to move beyond simply paying claims and act more as a social risk-management mechanism by using data, forecasting, product development, prevention and wellness measures, and practical ESG implementation. The release said Thailand has faced PM2.5 concentrations above 400 micrograms per cubic metre, levels that could push the Air Quality Index above 500 and far exceed World Health Organization standards. It highlighted five policy directions for the insurance sector, namely support for returning the Clean Air Bill to the legislative process, creation of anonymized PM2.5-related claims databases, development of health and claims risk maps, preventive measures such as high-pollution alerts, and products or benefits that encourage proactive health management. Seminar material also cited a World Bank 2020 estimate that Thailand's annual health damage cost from PM2.5 is USD 45.334 billion, or 3.89% of GDP, while speakers from Bangkok and the insurance industry pointed to coverage gaps, the need for real-time air-quality and health data, and possible use of Big Data, AI and air-quality-index-linked insurance products.