The Central Bank of Russia published its October Monitoring of Businesses commentary showing a further moderate expansion in business activity, with the Business Climate Index rising to 2.6 points from 1.2 points in September. Companies reported higher assessments of current output and demand than in September, while three-month-ahead expectations became more positive. At the same time, business price expectations increased for the first time since January 2025, and growth in companies’ investment activity continued in the third quarter of 2025.