The Central Bank of Uruguay has established a specialized Financial Health and Culture Unit and published a diagnostic report finding that financial knowledge does not always translate into better decisions. The unit will generate evidence to guide its actions, combining financial health and culture with awareness and information at the point of decision as complementary tools. The report examines borrowing and saving behavior, including preferences for liquidity and dollar savings, alongside saving over longer horizons and diversification. Taken together, these behaviors have consequences beyond individual welfare, affecting the functioning of the financial system and economy. The new unit complements BCUEduca, the bank’s program operating since 2012, which focuses on economic and financial education from an early age and teacher training.