The Bank of Italy released Economic History Working Papers No. 54, “Napoleonic Administrative Reforms and Development in the Italian Mezzogiorno”, examining how changes in a country’s administrative hierarchy can affect city-level development, using the 1806 Napoleonic reform in the Kingdom of Naples as a historical experiment. The paper finds that cities designated as district capitals with supra-municipal administrative functions experienced a population growth premium over 1828–1911 and higher industrialization than non-capital cities, with the industrialization effect observed both before and after Italian unification. The results are attributed to channels linked to public goods provision and improved accessibility through transport networks.