In a speech at the AFME Annual European Financial Integration conference, Central Bank of Ireland Governor Gabriel Makhlouf called for a more ambitious approach to Europe’s Single Market, arguing that greater integration in goods, services and capital is needed to strengthen European competitiveness and resilience. He said a genuine single capital market depends on two conditions: completing the regulatory architecture and creating a single safe asset. Makhlouf said the single market for capital cannot be separated from the single market for services and pointed to demand-side barriers including uneven tax treatment, financial literacy and cultural norms. He also stressed the role of national governments, citing Ireland’s national framework for Single Market implementation, pension auto-enrolment, plans to legislate for a Personal Investment Account framework by 2027 and a retail investment tax roadmap. On the supervisory side, he said Europe needs more convergent supervision focused on outcomes and argued that simplification should mean improving the application of existing rules before adding new legislation.