The European Banking Authority (EBA) published a report on white labelling in banking and payments and found the model is widely used, with 35% of banks responding to the 2025 Spring Risk Assessment Questionnaire using it. The EBA identified a need for further supervisory convergence and outlined follow-up actions to be taken forward in 2026. White labelling is described as an arrangement where a financial institution (the provider) offers products or services under a partner’s brand only, with partners increasingly being non-regulated commercial entities such as online marketplace operators. The report highlights consumer risks including reduced clarity over which firm is responsible for the product, which can complicate complaints handling and increase fraud vulnerability, and supervisory challenges stemming from less direct oversight of some partners. The 2026 follow-up actions include integrating white labelling into competent authorities’ supervisory priorities to raise supervisory awareness and promoting more effective consumer disclosures so users understand which firm they are dealing with and how to make complaints.