The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published its first-quarter 2026 Energy Survey showing oil and gas activity among Eleventh District firms returned to expansion, with the business activity index rising 27 points to 21. Firms also reported a stronger outlook, although uncertainty remained elevated, which the Dallas Fed linked to the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. Oil and natural gas production was broadly flat, with the oil production index at 0 and the natural gas production index at 2.3. Employment indicators suggested little to no growth (employment index at 0.8), while aggregate employee hours and wages and benefits increased. Cost pressures rose versus the prior quarter, including higher input costs for oilfield services firms and higher finding and development costs. Oilfield services firms reported improvement across most measures, with equipment utilization turning positive and prices received moving above zero, though operating margins remained negative. In special questions, 50 percent of respondents reported no change to 2026 drilling plans since the start of the year, with increases more common among small exploration and production firms than large firms. Executives estimated the average West Texas Intermediate price needed to cover operating expenses for existing wells at about USD 43 per barrel and the price to profitably drill a new well at USD 66 per barrel. The survey was based on 135 responses collected March 11–19 from firms headquartered in Texas, southern New Mexico and northern Louisiana.