The Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market of the Republic of Kazakhstan published an explainer on Kazakhstan's debt collection framework under the Law on Collection Activities, setting out when banks and microfinance organizations may involve collection agencies and how debtors are protected. Creditors must notify borrowers of an overdue payment within 10 calendar days and offer restructuring. If the debt remains unresolved and the delinquency exceeds 90 days, the creditor may sell the claim or transfer the case to a collection agency for pre-trial recovery, but a moratorium remains in place on assigning citizens' credit claims to collection agencies until 1 May 2027. During the moratorium, citizens' debts cannot be sold to collectors. Resolution is limited to restructuring, forgiveness of fines, penalties and commissions, or transfer to a collection agency for pre-trial recovery without assigning the claim. After the moratorium ends, assignment of debt will be allowed only where arrears exceed 24 months and the creditor has completed settlement procedures that include mandatory forgiveness of penalties. The explainer also restates debtors' rights to request information on the collection agency and the debt, choose a preferred form and period of interaction, record communications, seek pre-trial settlement or challenge claims in court, and complain to the agency. Debtors must notify changes in residence, phone number and identity or contact details, and engage with the collection agency on settling the debt. The note further sets conduct rules for collection agencies. Contact with debtors is allowed only on working days from 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m., with calls capped at three per day and in-person meetings at one per day and three per week, while written, text and voice messages are permitted. Collectors must identify their company, registration details, the creditor, and the employee handling the contact, and are barred from misleading debtors, giving false identity information, disclosing damaging information, or using unlawful pressure such as threats, violence, insults, fraud, document substitution or extortion. If a debtor alleges unlawful conduct, the agency may order a documentary inspection and apply supervisory measures if a breach is confirmed.

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