The US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) published an analysis of 67,540 Bank Secrecy Act reports filed between 2023 and 2025 that flagged nearly USD 5 billion linked to suspected human smuggling. Reports peaked in 2024 before declining 62% in 2025. Common indicators included unverifiable relationships between transaction originators and beneficiaries, payments along migration routes and excessive cash activity near the US southwest border. Money services businesses filed about 97% of the reports, often citing transactions outside customers’ usual patterns, suspected structuring and transfers along migration routes. Depository institutions accounted for only about 3% of reports but 61% of the total suspicious activity amount. Their filings highlighted structured cash transactions, funnel accounts funded by numerous individuals and travel agencies that may knowingly or unwittingly facilitate migrant travel.