The Central Bank of Ireland published research on consumer fraud and scams, finding that 35% of Irish adults have experienced fraud or scams and that nearly two-thirds of victims incurred financial losses, based on a nationally representative survey of almost 3,000 adults. It noted that the consumer impact may be underestimated relative to reported payment fraud, which totalled EUR 160 million in 2024, a 24.5% increase from 2023. Online purchase scams were the most common experience (48% of victims), followed by debit and credit card fraud (34%), delivery service impersonation (15%) and phishing or email scams (13%). While 39% of victims lost less than EUR 249, investment fraud stood out as a higher-loss risk despite affecting 7% of respondents. The study links reporting to better outcomes: 57% of victims who reported to their bank, An Garda Síochána or another relevant authority recovered their money, compared with 13% of those who did not report, and 38% of victims did not report to their financial service provider or any authority. Risky online behaviours were the strongest predictor of fraud experience, and fraud-specific literacy was associated with lower fraud exposure, unlike general financial literacy. The Central Bank highlighted a statutory right to a refund for unauthorised payment transactions, subject to limited exceptions, and said work is underway with regulated firms to improve customer service for fraud cases.