In a keynote address, the Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority set out its approach to capital markets regulation, arguing that stock exchange listing rules should be treated as a tool to assure issuer quality and support a more efficient, trusted market rather than as procedural compliance requirements. The chair linked past amendments to the listing framework to objectives of raising investor confidence and enabling earlier-stage, high-growth companies to access the market, citing Egypt’s SPAC model as an example of flexibility in the listing regime. The remarks also highlighted intended market impacts from listing, including improved transparency, governance discipline and visibility that can facilitate mergers and acquisitions. On market infrastructure, the FRA pointed to developing secondary market bond trading as a means to strengthen pricing discipline and support the formation of a yield curve, and stressed that regulatory reform depends on the readiness and flexibility of market participants as well as the regulator, noting that tools such as derivatives and short selling took years of development. In fintech, the chair credited electronic know-your-customer (eKYC) with enabling growth in fractional real estate investing and reported that more than 21 applications have been submitted to establish investment funds in this area, compared with only two funds historically before these changes.