China's Ministry of Public Security’s Economic Crime Investigation Bureau and the National Financial Regulatory Administration’s Inspection Bureau have jointly deployed a new round of coordinated enforcement action against illegal ‘black and grey industry’ activity in the financial sector, aiming to curb illegal financial intermediaries, safeguard financial market order, and protect consumers. The initiative is designed to pair strong criminal enforcement with efforts to improve financial services to reduce the conditions that allow such activity to proliferate, building on a ‘specialisation + mechanisms + big data’ policing model. Priority targets include illegal deposit and loan intermediaries, illegal online lending platforms and loan-assistance institutions, illegal insurance agency intermediaries, and improper credit-card ‘anti-collection’ intermediaries; authorities also called for deeper tracing of criminal chains and controllers, stronger cross-departmental and cross-regional coordination (including leads-sharing mechanisms), and expanded public prevention messaging. In the first campaign run from June to November 2025, police opened and investigated more than 1,500 cases, dismantled more than 200 professional criminal groups, and reported a cumulative amount involved of nearly CNY 30 billion.