The European Central Bank published an expectation that Eurosystem counterparties should step up operational preparedness by voluntarily accessing the main refinancing operations (MROs) and/or the three-month longer-term refinancing operations (LTROs) at least once per year from 2026. The ECB framed the recommendation in the context of declining excess liquidity in the euro area, which has fallen from its end-2022 peak and is expected to continue decreasing as the Eurosystem balance sheet normalises. Testing is to be done with a bid amount at the counterparty’s discretion and against collateral in line with the Eurosystem general collateral framework, with the aim of supporting smooth monetary policy implementation, maintaining the operational framework and allowing firms to assess their readiness. Recommended modalities for regular testing are to be provided via the relevant national central banks.