The Norwegian Financial Supervisory Authority (Finanstilsynet) published its 2025 risk and vulnerability analysis (ROS) of ICT-related risk in the financial sector, assessing the digital threat landscape as high and shaped by geopolitical developments. It identifies key risks around firms’ defences against digital crime, governance models for ICT solutions and shortcomings in vendor management, while reporting total fraud losses of NOK 1,227 million in 2024, up 32%. Despite the elevated threat level, no ICT incidents in 2024 had consequences for financial stability and fewer serious incidents were reported than in 2023. Supervisory work during 2024 found weaknesses and vulnerabilities in firms’ oversight of ICT operations, including supplier follow-up, with complex vendor chains increasing the risk of supply-chain attacks and multi-stage operational incidents. The analysis also points to vulnerabilities in access management, governance and internal control, and stresses that each firm remains responsible for protecting its systems against intentional and unintentional events. Finanstilsynet also referenced a webinar and accompanying presentation materials to present the ROS 2025 findings.