The European Securities and Markets Authority issued a statement reminding firms to assess whether newly offered products fall within the scope of existing product intervention measures on contracts for differences (CFDs). The reminder follows increased offering of derivatives marketed as perpetual futures or perpetual contracts that provide leveraged exposure to underlying values, including crypto-assets such as Bitcoin, and which ESMA notes are likely to be caught by national CFD product intervention measures adopted by national competent authorities. Where such derivatives meet the definition of a CFD, firms must apply the relevant product intervention requirements, including leverage limits, a mandatory risk warning, a margin close-out and negative balance protection, and the prohibition of monetary and non-monetary benefits. ESMA also emphasises that these complex derivatives require a narrow target market with an aligned distribution strategy, that appropriateness assessments must be carried out for non-advised services in line with requirements for complex financial instruments, and that firms should take steps to identify, prevent or manage conflicts of interest arising from offering these products.