The Federal Reserve Board published a research paper by Gadi Barlevy and Ines Xavier that develops a model of Ponzi schemes under asymmetric information, focusing on when Ponzi fraud can arise and what types of interventions can stop it. The model features a long-lived agent who offers to save on behalf of short-lived agents at a higher return than they can obtain themselves, where the agent may either have a genuinely superior savings technology or be an imposter seeking to steal funds. A central mechanism is reputation building over time, with the scheme sustained as the long-lived agent maintains trust by keeping the operation going.