At a conference panel, Sally George, assistant to the chairman of the Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority for investment fund affairs, reviewed how regulated nonbank financial instruments can fund real estate development while addressing risks posed by unregulated fractional property investment platforms. The available channels include securitization of future financial rights portfolios, sukuk, mortgage finance companies and real estate investment funds. Securitization and sukuk transactions require a credit rating of at least BBB, updated annually, while the authority monitors collections and scheduled return payments. Investment fund reforms allow borrowing within specified limits, payment for certificates in installments and capital calls linked to project completion rates. Multi-issuance funds also maintain separate accounts for each targeted project. Under the licensed digital platform framework, investors in real estate fund certificates receive semiannual valuations based on assessments by an independent registered valuer and access to exit mechanisms, extending the authority’s earlier measures to reduce clearing and custody costs for these platforms.