The Bank of Spain has closed the fourth annual Conduct Supervision Forum for institutions by presenting the Department for the Conduct of Institutions’ main supervisory actions in 2025 and setting out its conduct-supervision priorities for 2026, aimed at strengthening customer treatment standards. The 2026 priorities will again focus on responsible lending principles and the pre-contractual information requirements for consumer and mortgage loans, alongside firms’ internal governance models linked to conduct. In closing remarks, Governor José Luis Escrivá framed proper customer treatment as an ex-ante protection mechanism for both customers and institutions and urged firms to move beyond formal compliance by embedding a culture that balances profitability objectives with honest and fair treatment of customers, reflecting their interests and needs. The Bank signalled that some of the 2025 supervisory actions will be translated into supervisory expectations and, in some cases, communications to the public.