The European Central Bank published a presentation by Executive Board member Piero Cipollone outlining the policy rationale for a digital euro as a digital form of cash and setting out the Eurosystem’s planned pilot approach and key dependencies on EU legislation. The presentation highlighted that euro area retail payments are heavily reliant on non-European card schemes, with 15 of 21 countries lacking a significantly used domestic in-store digital payment solution and nearly two-thirds of euro area card transactions processed by international schemes. The digital euro is framed as an additional pan-euro area payment option that complements cash, supports freedom of choice, and is designed to be available both online and offline, including in situations of limited connectivity or power outages. It also set out intended benefits for merchants and payment service providers, including lower fees and instant receipt of funds for merchants, and a compensation model intended to ensure fair remuneration while allowing providers to maintain client relationships. A 12-month pilot is planned to start in the second half of 2027 in a controlled Eurosystem environment involving real-world transactions, with a limited number of payment service providers, merchants and Eurosystem staff participating. Payment service provider selection is due to begin in the first quarter of 2026, and the pilot is set to test four use cases covering online and offline person-to-person payments and online person-to-business payments at the point of sale and in e-commerce. The ECB also noted that the Governing Council will only consider whether to issue a digital euro once the legislation has been adopted, and referenced the Council of the European Union’s agreed negotiating position and European Parliament discussions expected to reach a conclusive position in May.