The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) published an advisory urging financial institutions to be vigilant for health care fraud schemes targeting government health care benefit programs, including Medicare and Medicaid. The advisory is intended to help institutions detect and report related suspicious activity. The update describes how fraudsters, organized crime groups and, increasingly, transnational criminal organizations exploit federal and state health care benefit programs. It outlines associated money laundering typologies and provides red flag indicators, while strongly encouraging financial institutions to voluntarily report suspicious activity to FinCEN and to immediately notify law enforcement when such activity is identified.