In a keynote address at the 3i Africa Summit 2026, Bank of Ghana First Deputy Governor Dr Zakari Mumuni positioned inclusive instant payment systems as essential economic infrastructure for Africa rather than an optional add-on to financial inclusion. He argued that real-time, low-cost, interoperable payment networks are needed to turn expanded access through mobile money, agency banking, fintech and digital wallets into seamless day-to-day usability across platforms, sectors and borders. The speech said fragmented, costly and insufficiently interconnected payment systems continue to limit the efficient flow of value, despite progress in digital finance. It set out a reform agenda centred on coordinated execution by regulators, payment system operators, financial institutions and fintechs, alongside streamlined and harmonised electronic know your customer frameworks, aligned licensing regimes and deeper cross-border cooperation. Dr Mumuni also noted that Ghana has deployed multiple instant payment platforms and is working to strengthen inter-scheme interoperability, with the goal of making payment systems accessible, affordable and trusted across all user groups.