Saudi Arabia’s Capital Market Authority published its 2024 Annual Report, highlighting record market growth, increased foreign participation, and a set of regulatory and legislative measures spanning funds, listings, and debt markets. The report also points to expanded investor protection and enforcement activity alongside rising profitability among licensed capital market institutions. Assets under management exceeded SAR 1 trillion for the first time by end-2024, up 20.9% year on year, with 1,549 investment funds and more than 1.72 million public and private fund subscribers, up 47% from 2023. Regulatory actions included approving Instructions on the Offering of Real Estate Contributions Certificates and amending the Capital Market Institutions Regulations, Investment Account Instructions, the Implementing Regulation of the Companies Law for Listed Joint Stock Companies, and the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations; the CMA also reported the largest set of sukuk and debt instruments market regulatory enhancements since the market’s inception, including eased requirements and an expanded category of qualified investors. Listed sukuk and debt instruments reached SAR 663.5 billion at end-2024, up 20.6%, while the CMA approved 60 public offering and equity registration applications, up 36.4%, and 44 listings were completed across the Main Market and Parallel Market. Net foreign investments rose to SAR 218 billion and foreign ownership reached SAR 423 billion, equating to 11% of free float shares in the Main Market; licensed capital market institutions increased to 186, with revenues of SAR 17 billion and profits of SAR 8.8 billion. On investor protection, the CMA handled 121 cases with compensation exceeding SAR 389 million paid to 921 beneficiaries, reduced average litigation time to 4.4 months, issued enforceable decisions against 171 violators, and followed up on 45 enforcement requests. The CMA also reported approval of its 2024–2026 strategic plan, comprising nine objectives across three pillars focused on capital market financing and investment, ecosystem enablement, and protection of investor rights.