The European Central Bank published an analysis finding that the European Union’s venture capital market lacks the scale and depth needed to finance innovative firms through later growth stages. US venture capital funds have a combined size of about EUR 930 billion, roughly six times the EU total of EUR 150 billion. The EU also has a narrower institutional investor base, limited cross-border investment and greater reliance on foreign capital for scale-up financing, which may increase the likelihood that economic activity and intellectual property move outside the bloc. The analysis indicates that financing barriers affect viable firms. Among companies with failed venture capital deals, the median EU firm is nearly twice as large by employment and grows about 15 percentage points faster than its US counterpart, despite similar age and patenting activity. The ECB identified a need for larger funds, greater pension fund participation, deeper intra-EU investment and targeted support for strategic high-growth sectors. It also highlighted the potential role of the savings and investments union, the review of pension fund and European venture capital rules, and measures to reduce legal fragmentation.