The Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets published a supervisory study on fraud risk analysis in statutory audits, finding that OOB audit firms have made progress in addressing earlier shortcomings but that sustained alertness and further strengthening are needed as fraud risks rise and evolve, including through artificial intelligence. The review covered six OOB audit firms and twelve statutory audits and assessed follow-up to issues raised in the earlier publication Scherper op frauderisico’s. The AFM reports improved quality of fraud risk analyses, tightened guidance and procedures, and greater use of awareness initiatives, coaching, training and fraud specialists. It also highlights remaining gaps, including the need for better monitoring and effectiveness measurement of implemented measures, deeper root-cause analysis that considers behavioural and cultural factors, a more professionally sceptical approach when understanding the entity and its environment, and clearer steps to identify the presumed fraud risk related to revenue. The AFM calls on all audit firms to continue the actions already underway and implement the report’s recommendations.