U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Commissioner Caroline A. Crenshaw delivered a Brookings Institution speech arguing that the SEC’s current direction is rapidly unwinding prior regulatory and enforcement work and weakening core market safeguards, including through policy changes made without notice-and-comment rulemaking. She framed the moment as “rubble” created by deregulation and presented priorities for a future “rebuild” aimed at restoring investor protections, transparency, and market integrity. Crenshaw identified four trends she said are reshaping the SEC’s approach: devaluing investor rights (including changes affecting investor communications and proxy proposals and allowing issuers to force shareholders into arbitration); moving markets and policymaking “into the shadows” (including plans to reduce the cadence of public-issuer filings, narrowing who must register and what must be disclosed, a shift from lit trading toward dark markets, and possible changes to the Order Protection Rule, alongside greater reliance on staff statements and compliance-date extensions); pushing retail investors and retirement assets into private markets without public-market guardrails; and reducing deterrence through fewer and weaker enforcement actions, lower penalties, diminished whistleblower awards, and dropped cases following presidential pardons or commutations. She also pointed to a 15–20% reduction in SEC staff as a constraint on oversight capacity, and called for reforms that promote fundamentals-based long-term investing, more nimble and interdisciplinary financial regulation, rulemaking that explicitly addresses risks from artificial intelligence, and a reassessment of exemptions such as Regulation D to better support small business capital formation.