Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued OJK Regulation No. 38 of 2025 establishing a framework for the regulator to file lawsuits as a consumer protection tool in the financial services sector, aimed at recovering consumer losses and enforcing justice. The lawsuits are based on institutional legal standing rather than class actions and may be brought following OJK’s assessment of unlawful acts causing consumer losses by a financial services business actor that is licensed or previously licensed by OJK, as well as other bad-faith parties. Consumers are not charged costs through to the execution of a court decision, and OJK coordinated with parties including the Supreme Court to align implementation with applicable procedural law. The regulation has been in force since its promulgation on 22 December 2025 and covers OJK’s authority to file suits, the objectives and conduct of litigation, implementation of court decisions, and reporting on execution.