Saudi Arabia's Capital Markets Authority (CMA) issued its 2024 annual report, reporting record market growth alongside a series of regulatory and legislative changes spanning funds, listings, investor access and the sukuk and debt instruments market. Assets under management exceeded SAR 1 trillion for the first time by end-2024, up 20.9% year on year, with 1,549 investment funds and more than 1.72 million subscribers in public and private funds (up 47%). On the regulatory side, the CMA approved the Instructions on the Offering of Real Estate Contributions Certificates and amended multiple rulebooks, including the Capital Market Institutions Regulations, Investment Account Instructions, the Implementing Regulation of the Companies Law for Listed Joint Stock Companies and the Rules on the Offer of Securities and Continuing Obligations; it also implemented the largest set of sukuk and debt market regulatory enhancements since that market’s inception, including eased requirements and an expanded qualified investor category. Listed sukuk and debt instruments reached SAR 663.5 billion (from SAR 549.8 billion), while the CMA approved 60 public offering and equity registration applications (40 in the Parallel Market and 16 in the Main Market) and recorded 44 listings across both markets. The report also cited net foreign investments of SAR 218 billion and foreign ownership of SAR 423 billion (11% of Main Market free float), as well as investor protection and enforcement metrics including 121 cases handled, more than SAR 389 million in compensation awarded to 921 beneficiaries, enforceable decisions against 171 violators and follow-up on 45 enforcement requests.