The Reserve Bank of New Zealand published an Analytical Note assessing how different measures of firms’ price setting behaviour explain and forecast domestic or non tradables inflation. The research finds that modelled measures based on recent inflation outcomes generally perform better than survey based measures of inflation expectations, and that firms appear to adjust prices more in response to recent inflation than to expected future inflation. Measures that are more sensitive to recent inflation data were found to be better forecasters of non tradables inflation than those less sensitive to recent inflation. However, performance differences across the measures considered were relatively small, leading the authors to conclude it is best to monitor a range of measures because price setting behaviour can change over time. The findings are intended to support the Monetary Policy Committee’s judgements on the inflation outlook and settings for the Official Cash Rate, particularly following episodes of unusually high or low inflation that affect how quickly inflation returns to the 2% target midpoint within the 1% to 3% target range.