China's National Financial Regulatory Administration, together with the People's Bank of China, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, convened a symposium on financial support for the high-quality development of private enterprises, urging financial institutions to increase credit supply and broaden financing channels for private firms, including micro and small businesses. The policy messages focused on implementing a moderately accommodative monetary policy and making greater use of structural monetary policy tools, alongside stronger supervisory guidance to ensure equal treatment across ownership types. Priorities included delivering the “25 measures” for financial support to the private economy, improving credit enhancement mechanisms for private small and medium-sized enterprises, accelerating the issuance of a policy document to standardise supply chain finance business, strengthening bond market制度建设 and product innovation, and continuing to leverage the bond financing support tool known as the “Second Arrow”. The authorities also called for better implementation of capital-markets measures including the “Sci-Tech Innovation Board eight measures”, the “16 measures for serving the modern industrial system” and the “six measures on mergers and acquisitions”, to support private enterprises in raising funds and expanding through equity, debt and loan financing. The meeting heard operational feedback from five private companies and experience sharing from major financial institutions and the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and it emphasised inter-agency coordination to improve supporting mechanisms and address financing access and cost issues for private enterprises.