The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has published its Ukraine country note on financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), finding that access to credit improved in 2024 despite continued wartime constraints. Net hryvnia-denominated business loans increased by more than 20%, financing demand reached its highest level since the end of 2021 and lower interest rates supported lending. Outstanding SME loans reached UAH 521 billion, representing 63.5% of total outstanding business loans. The revival in commercial lending reduced businesses’ reliance on subsidized credit, although government and international support remained central to risk sharing. Ukraine’s Affordable Loans 5-7-9% program signed more than 25,000 contracts totaling UAH 94.7 billion in 2024, while portfolio guarantees covered about one-quarter of performing hryvnia-denominated business loans. The OECD identified the war as the main barrier to further credit expansion and a return to prewar lending conditions, with capital shortages, infrastructure damage and weak domestic demand continuing to constrain SMEs.