The Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM) published a speech by Natalie Aartsen, head of supervision for lending, saving and retail investing, delivered at the Bureau Kredietregistratie (BKR) symposium marking its 60th anniversary and focused on financial inclusion. The remarks traced how consumer credit risks have evolved and highlighted how new products and technology can affect inclusion. Aartsen contrasted past, present and future themes, noting that consumer spending choices have always required financing, while cautioning that once established risks appear contained, products such as buy now pay later and private lease can expand rapidly. Looking ahead, she warned against technology creating a two-tier system in which consumers who share data receive discounts while others are excluded or pay more, and where those with stronger digital skills gain access while others fall behind. The AFM made the speech available in written form, noting that the spoken word prevails.