Greece’s Ministry of National Economy and Finance has set out Kyriakos Pierrakakis’s agenda for the IMF and World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok from Oct. 15 to 17. The minister and Eurogroup president will participate in G7 and IMF committee meetings and discussions on global economic risks, financial stability and European competitiveness.
The National Bank of Ukraine’s latest review confirms that UONIA remains an objective indicator but requires further methodological work. UAH/USD benchmarks remain reliable and need no changes, while implementation continues on a noon UAH/EUR reference rate and revised methodologies for other official exchange rates.
Philippine Finance Secretary Frederick D. Go called for more flexible multilateral financing for countries transitioning to upper middle income status. He highlighted blended finance and enhanced credit guarantees as ways to mobilize private capital, reduce risks and lower financing costs, alongside domestic fiscal consolidation to protect high-impact public investment.
Bank Indonesia launched three programs covering Islamic financial market conduct, zakat risk management and scholarships funded through Islamic social finance. The measures are intended to deepen Islamic markets, strengthen governance and develop expertise as Indonesia expands its halal economy.
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority and Chongqing authorities have launched a platform that verifies customer data without transferring or storing original documents across the boundary. Banks are developing Northbound and Southbound use cases, initially covering services such as account opening and loan applications.
Hong Kong's Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau welcomed the jurisdiction’s first insurance-linked securities sidecar, a USD 12 million PICC issuance covering offshore wind farm property insurance in Mainland China. The bureau reiterated plans to review investor restrictions and explore a protected cell company framework to lower issuance costs.
The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway found weaknesses across Marker og Eidsberg Sparebank’s controls for cash related money laundering and terrorist financing risks. Risk classification and monitoring did not adequately reflect actual cash activity, while file reviews identified deficiencies in due diligence, investigations and repeat reporting of persistent suspicious activity to Økokrim.
The Norwegian Financial Supervisory Authority found that Njord Kapitalforvaltning’s suitability model overemphasized investment horizons, creating a risk of unsuitable advice. It also identified misleading cost and expected-return disclosures for the Onepointfive private equity fund. Njord has revised its risk-scoring model and disclosures, and the authority has taken note of the changes.
The Norwegian Financial Supervisory Authority found significant shortcomings in Norse Securities AS’s ICT governance, risk controls, supplier oversight and continuity arrangements. The firm has since implemented extensive measures that the authority considers largely sufficient to address the findings and support DORA compliance.
The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway found that SpareBank 1 Ringerike Hadeland has broadly sound credit and liquidity risk frameworks but needs to improve default recognition and IFRS 9 Stage 3 loss calculations. The bank must clarify its default definitions, strengthen credit assessments and board reporting, and further develop climate risk management for forthcoming Capital Requirements Directive VI requirements. Its board will prepare a detailed remediation plan.
The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway fined ES Revisjon NOK 500,000 for serious audit law breaches across four engagements. The firm failed to address fraud and revenue risks adequately, apply sufficient professional skepticism and obtain appropriate audit evidence. Its cyclical engagement reviews had also been deficient for several years.
The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority will offer two reporting options for the first two quarters of 2027 as IFRS 18 takes effect. Firms may continue using FINREP alone or use a separate IFRS 18 module while excluding overlapping FINREP templates. Revised FINREP requirements are expected to apply from third-quarter 2027 reporting.
The National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan completed a TJS 4.999 billion securities auction at a weighted average yield of 6.77%.
The Maldives Monetary Authority will issue newly printed MVR 5 banknotes from October 15, 2026, marking the denomination’s first reprinting since 2017. Existing MVR 5 notes will continue to circulate alongside the new stock.
The Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission approved the merger of Bank SinoPac and King’s Town Bank, with Bank SinoPac as the surviving entity. The combined bank will have NT$3.19 trillion in assets, NT$129.4 billion in capital and 191 operating locations in Taiwan.
The Central Bank of Taiwan published the press conference presentation from its 2026 third quarter board meeting, held on Sept. 17, 2026.
Second Public Participation Growth Fund sales reached about KRW 452.5 billion, or 75.4% of the KRW 600 billion target, with approximately KRW 147.5 billion remaining for sale through Oct. 15.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission announced that Korea Financial Intelligence Unit Commissioner Lee Hyung Ju will represent Korea at the FATF Steering Committee meeting on Oct. 25. The role gives Korea input into FATF priorities and supports domestic AML coordination and preparations for the fifth mutual evaluation beginning in March 2028.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission outlined FSB discussions on audit quality, private credit vulnerabilities and governance for financial authorities’ use of AI. Future work will address supervisory modernization, AI and cyber risks, and cross-border stablecoin cooperation. The commission also discussed financing and investor links for Korean startups and financial institutions expanding in the U.S.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission reported that second Public Participation Growth Fund sales reached KRW 452.5 billion, or 75.4% of the KRW 600 billion target, after eight business days. The remaining KRW 147.5 billion will be sold on a first come, first served basis before sales close at 5 p.m. on Oct. 15, with demand stronger through securities firms and online channels.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission confirmed cyber breaches at 16 financial firms and about 100,000 exposed personal-information records, while finding deficiencies at 130 of 555 firms reviewed. It plans a systemwide security review, expanded threat sharing, AI-based monitoring and testing, more frequent vulnerability assessments and stronger support for smaller firms. Chief executive accountability and sanctions will also be strengthened to improve implementation.
South Korea's Ministry of Economy and Finance reviewed how political and policy changes in major economies could affect tariffs, industrial policy, exports and investment. The government plans to strengthen monitoring and interagency coordination while diversifying export markets and expanding economic cooperation.
South Korea's Ministry of Economy and Finance set out measures to expand tourism, exhibitions and K-beauty services, including a target of 5 million arrivals through five regional airport tourism zones by 2029. The package provides about KRW 410 billion for the zones in 2027 and introduces regulatory, AI, workforce and overseas expansion support. A new petroleum maximum price will be announced on Oct. 16 and apply from Oct. 17.
Securities Commission Malaysia showcased capital market funding options for Sabah’s MSMEs and mid-tier companies as part of its nationwide financing roadshow. It also plans a new co-investment fund with the Ministry of Economy in 2027 for high-growth, high-value sectors, building on existing schemes that crowd in private capital. Selangor will host the next roadshow by the end of 2026.
The Hong Kong Academy of Finance will open applications for its 2027 Financial Leaders Programme on Oct. 15, targeting senior financial executives about one or two levels below the chief executive officer position. The part-time programme provides access to cross-sector leaders and professional networks, with applications accepted through Dec. 4.
The Financial Stability Board has proposed eight principles for modernising regulatory and supervisory frameworks while preserving or enhancing financial system resilience. They address ongoing review, proportionality, material risks, effective supervision and regulation, domestic coherence, impact analysis and streamlined reporting. The FSB plans to finalise the framework following consultation.
The Financial Stability Board found that national circumstances remain the main cause of uneven reform implementation, but its own policy development practices have also created obstacles. It recommends tighter prioritization, greater initial use of high-level principles, earlier stakeholder engagement, clearer policy documents and a written development framework. A final review of implementation monitoring is expected in the first half of 2027.
The National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan reported on regional policy talks with IMF Deputy Managing Director Bo Li covering macroeconomic stability, inflation, financial stability and liquidity management. Tajikistan emphasized export diversification, energy and food security, domestic production, new technologies and stronger regional cooperation.
The Reserve Bank of Australia has appointed Rachael Phelan as chief risk officer, effective Jan. 18, 2027. She will lead the Risk function and oversee delivery of the bank’s risk strategy.
A Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan delegation led by Governor Taleh Kazimov has begun a visit to Bangkok for the World Bank and International Monetary Fund Annual Meetings, including constituency events and bilateral meetings.
The Philippines Department of Finance convened the inaugural ASEAN Finance Ministers–World Bank Group Dialogue to deepen cooperation on infrastructure financing, digital transformation, clean energy, climate adaptation and jobs. Participants emphasized using World Bank Group guarantees and technical support to mobilize private capital alongside strategically deployed public funding.
In a keynote address, Australian Securities and Investments Commission Chair Sarah Court outlined expanded surveillance and enforcement across financial reporting and audit. ASIC will scrutinize managed investment scheme valuations and publish high level findings from its Big Four complaints surveillance before the end of 2026. Court also reiterated support for audit firm licensing and stronger enforcement powers.
The Hong Kong Insurance Authority welcomed the city’s first sidecar issuance, a USD 12 million insurance-linked security protecting offshore wind farm properties in Mainland China. The authority plans to facilitate protected cell company structures and review which investors are eligible to participate in the market.
The Monetary Authority of Singapore maintained the appreciation rate, width and centre of its Singapore dollar policy band. Core inflation should remain slightly elevated in the near term before easing from mid-2027, although risks are tilted upward. Economic growth is expected to stay firm before moderating as the artificial intelligence cycle slows.
The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority has published its 2025-26 annual report and an accessible version.
The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority reported that bank branch numbers fell 3% between June 2025 and June 2026 as the contraction in physical banking services continued at a slower pace. Regional and remote areas recorded a 1.7% decline, the smallest since the data series began, partly reflecting the moratorium on regional branch closures.
The Australian Securities and Investments Commission found persistent weaknesses in how some super funds and auditors assess unlisted investment valuations. Trustees relied too heavily on external managers, while some auditors did not adequately test prices or obtain sufficient evidence. ASIC will extend its 2026–27 surveillance to managed investment schemes and consider regulatory or enforcement action for significant breaches.
ASIC has secured an AUD 1.35 million penalty against Fortnum Private Wealth for inadequate cybersecurity controls across a network serving about 55,000 retail clients. Fortnum admitted deficiencies in its policies, oversight, specialist resources and risk management systems, and must also pay AUD 250,000 toward ASIC’s costs. The case is ASIC’s third enforcement outcome against a licensee over cybersecurity failures.
The Argentina Securities Commission updated the framework for virtual asset service providers based on experience since its implementation. The changes clarify registration amendments and cancellations, corporate and net worth requirements, and periodic reporting, with new instructions to standardize submissions.
The Central Bank of Cuba commemorated the nationalization of banking in the 1960s and the history of the country’s banking workers. The event also recalled Ernesto Che Guevara’s 1959 appointment as president of the National Bank of Cuba and Cuba’s break with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank.
The Central Bank of Venezuela is participating in the IMF and World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok, where Venezuela’s participation in the 121st CEMLA governors meeting and assembly was reaffirmed. The engagement builds on its recent return to CEMLA and is intended to expand technical cooperation, including exchanges on artificial intelligence and monetary and exchange rate policy.
El Salvador's Superintendency of the Financial System has set minimum banking hours of 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Monday through Friday and approved the 2027 closure calendar. The schedule covers nationwide and local closures, while allowing entities to close on specified additional dates and permitting tailored hours at shopping centers and similar locations.
Payments Canada confirmed that the Real-Time Rail is undergoing comprehensive testing and remains on track for a phased launch in the fourth quarter of 2026. The ISO 20022 system will provide instant account-to-account payments around the clock, supported from launch by centralized confirmation of payee, transaction risk scoring, fraud risk lists and systemwide intelligence capabilities.
The Central Bank of Cuba highlighted how Banco Metropolitano branch 326 manages heavy demand through extended hours, Saturday opening and digital queue tools. The branch prioritizes vulnerable customers, including older adults, and currently offers nine teller windows, two automated teller machines and cash withdrawals without a branch-imposed limit.
The Brazil Securities Commission revoked the suspension of OPEA Securitizadora’s public offering of real estate receivables certificates after the identified irregularities were substantially remedied. The revocation is conditional on further adjustments to the offering documentation.
Mexico's National Commission for the Protection and Defense of Financial Services Users received reports that nine registered financial institutions were impersonated during September 2026. Unauthorized parties allegedly misused their names, logos and other corporate information to target people seeking credit or financial services.
In remarks at the International AI Summit, European Central Bank Executive Board member Philip R. Lane said AI is supporting euro area investment and credit growth, although no material aggregate productivity impact is yet visible. Firms are set to direct about 10% of 2026 investment to AI, and AI-related lending represents roughly one quarter of recent growth in credit to firms. The global boom may also be lifting long-term rates, while high valuations, debt issuance and cyber threats create financial stability and supervisory risks.
The Ontario Securities Commission appointed Stephen Foerster, Michael Holder and Tashia Batstone to two-year terms on its Investor Advisory Panel. Existing member Rozanne Reszel will become chair on Nov. 1, 2026, succeeding James Sinclair.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo and the Center of Excellence in Finance discussed deeper cooperation on professional development, institutional capacity and international knowledge sharing. They also coordinated planned joint programs and regional events, while Governor Ahmet Ismaili outlined the central bank’s reforms and strategic priorities.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Kosovo and Toronto Centre explored cooperation on institutional capacity, professional training and international expertise. Potential support would advance the central bank’s regulatory and supervisory practices and alignment with international standards, with further discussions planned.
The National Bank of Georgia and the Finance Ministry reviewed the country’s macroeconomic outlook with IMF officials, focusing on growth, inflation, monetary policy and external resilience. Average real GDP growth was 7.6% in the first eight months of 2026, while international reserves reached a record USD 8.17 billion.
Luxembourg’s external assets rose by EUR 614 billion to EUR 14.350 trillion in the second quarter of 2026, while liabilities increased to EUR 14.329 trillion. The resulting net international investment position was EUR 21 billion, with higher financial market valuations driving most of the portfolio investment growth.
The Federal Reserve Board released minutes of three meetings held in August and September 2026 to review and determine discount window rates for depository institutions.
The National Bank of Ukraine has launched an FX Global Code web page with practical guidance for Ukrainian market participants considering adherence. The resource covers the Code’s core principles, terms and benefits of adherence, relevant materials and the banks that have adopted it, building on the central bank’s own commitment in May 2026.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston has profiled President and Chief Executive Officer Susan M. Collins’s leadership, policymaking role and regional engagement. Collins participates in the Federal Open Market Committee and oversees the bank’s research, supervision, financial stability, community development and operational functions.
The Federal Reserve Bank of Boston is hosting its 25th Annual Regional and Community Bankers Conference, with remarks scheduled for 4 p.m. ET.
Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan Governor Taleh Kazimov and Central Bank of Uzbekistan Governor Timur Ishmetov discussed macroeconomic challenges and closer cooperation, including broader exchanges of expertise.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan revoked Khadija Rahimli’s insurance agent license after she failed to remedy the grounds for its suspension within the prescribed period.
The Bermuda Ministry of Finance is leading a delegation to Washington for talks with U.S. regulators and industry representatives on digital asset oversight and cross-border engagement. Discussions will also cover the use of digital assets in Bermuda’s insurance and reinsurance market and wider domestic adoption.
The UK Financial Conduct Authority and National Crime Agency have arrested three people in an operation targeting suspected insider dealing and money laundering. Searches of five properties in London and Manchester involved more than 100 staff and resulted in the seizure of over 30 electronic devices.
The British Columbia Securities Commission reported that Frederick Johnathon Nielsen received a suspended sentence for breaching a 25-year investment market ban. He must pay CAD 17,300 in restitution and serve two years of probation, including restrictions on contacting the victims.
The average maximum ruble deposit rate at Russia’s 10 largest household deposit takers was 13.06% in the first 10 days of October 2026.
The State Bank of Pakistan has launched Banking on Equality Policy 2026 to expand women’s digital financial access, employment and business finance. The framework sets targets for hiring, outreach and branchless banking agents, and promotes specialized financing for women owned or led enterprises. It supports the national goal of reducing the financial inclusion gender gap to 25% by 2028.
Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Economy and Finance and Franklin Templeton discussed reforms to companies held by the Uzbekistan National Investment Fund, including stronger governance and financial transparency. The talks also covered preparing selected companies for initial public offerings and attracting international institutional investors.
Belgium’s Financial Services and Markets Authority has updated the questionnaires used to assess the suitability of shareholders of intermediaries and credit providers.
The Bank of Italy released seven Occasional Papers spanning judicial efficiency, wages, investment shocks, stablecoins, artificial intelligence, family firms and energy markets. Key findings link improved bankruptcy court management to stronger lending, show a 1.3% real decline in negotiated wages since 2000 and attribute Italy’s 2008-2019 investment weakness mainly to persistent supply shocks. Other papers assess stablecoin anchoring and evidence-grounded artificial intelligence tools for Economic Bulletin drafting.
The Bank of Italy is offering four 12-month applied economics research fellowships in Rome for doctoral-level economists. Fellows will pursue independent projects and may later be invited to compete for a permanent adviser-grade position.
The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority has proposed extending existing mortgage consumer lending competence standards to internal and external staff involved in general consumer lending. Staff would need current knowledge across lending law, creditworthiness assessments, products, collateral and advice, supported by suitable evidence of competence.
Norges Bank has appointed Mona Sæverud as communications director, with her start date to be agreed. She joins from the Office of the Prime Minister and previously led communications at the Ministry of Health and Care Services.
The Swedish Parliament elected 11 members and 11 deputies to Sveriges Riksbank’s General Council. The council will choose its chair and vice chair on Oct. 23, 2026.
The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority has published an initial Q&A for supervised firms on the EU anti-money laundering package and AMLA. It covers foundational questions identified partly through industry dialogue and will be updated as the framework develops.
The Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority has adopted new and amended consumer credit rules following its May consultation. The package aligns the framework with new Swedish legislation, including rules for mortgages and certain other consumer credits, and takes effect on Nov. 20, 2026.
The Guernsey Financial Services Commission has notified businesses that Ruhollah Bazghandi and Shahram Ali Reza Tamarzadeh Jakki are subject to asset freezes, director disqualification sanctions and travel bans under the Iran sanctions regime. Businesses must check for affected relationships, freeze relevant assets and make the required reports to the Policy & Resources Committee and, where applicable, the Commission.
HM Treasury reported that the UK and China committed to continued dialogue and cooperation on trade, investment, financial services and financial stability. The Chancellor also raised macroeconomic imbalances and Russia’s war in Ukraine ahead of the next UK-China Economic and Financial Dialogue in London.
The Council of the European Union sanctioned 826 Russian military industry companies and 743 of their chief executives in the EU’s largest single set of listings. The measures impose asset freezes and funding prohibitions on all listed parties, as well as EU travel bans on the individuals.
The Ghana National Insurance Commission has identified 15 ESG priorities to guide its sustainability strategy, risk register and first public sustainability report. Governance dominated the findings, while consumer protection ranked second and climate risk was the sole environmental priority. The commission plans to report voluntarily under IPSASB SRS 1 in 2026, ahead of its 2028 effective date.
The Bank of France estimates that refining constraints caused nearly 60% of the roughly 26% rise in French petroleum product prices between February and August 2026. Geopolitical disruptions cut global refinery output and widened refined product margins even as crude oil prices eased. Refining pressures contributed an estimated 0.6 percentage point to the cumulative rise in overall consumer prices and could persist for several months.
The South African Reserve Bank has expanded and amended the categories used to report inward and outward cross-border foreign exchange transactions. Effective Aug. 11, 2026, the changes align reporting within the Common Monetary Area with harmonised Southern African Development Community balance of payments codes.
The South African Reserve Bank has updated the authorised branch lists for securities control and insurance transactions. It also amended balance of payments categories following implementation of harmonised Southern African Development Community codes within the Common Monetary Area.
The International Monetary and Financial Committee has extended Chair Mohammed Aljadaan’s term by one year from Jan. 3, 2027. Members cited the need for continuity on the committee’s priorities and ongoing reforms.
The U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctioned four individuals and 11 entities linked to Cartel del Noreste across horse racing, construction, energy and trucking. The action blocks their property within U.S. jurisdiction and creates potential secondary sanctions exposure for foreign financial institutions facilitating significant transactions for the targets.
The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority has launched a free market and investment research explorer and upgraded its fraud education tools. The explorer combines securities and company data with educational materials, while the redesigned meters provide personalized assessments of fraud vulnerability and scam awareness.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority has announced a new board for a four-year term ending in October 2030, chaired by Islam Azzam. Its membership includes the authority’s two deputy chairs, a Central Bank of Egypt deputy governor and five experts from academic, investment, finance, banking and legal fields.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority will allow insurers to use approved standard property and liability policy forms without separate company-level approval. Insurers must provide prior notice and confirm full compliance, while amendments continue to require approval. Personal insurance and fund accumulation policies are excluded.
World Federation of Exchanges research finds that equity price changes affect the real economy mainly through corporate investment, particularly in advanced economies. Improvements in market depth, liquidity and institutional quality generate larger investment gains in emerging market and developing economies, primarily by improving capital allocation and productivity.
The European Central Bank reported that its balance sheet contracted EUR 3.916 billion to EUR 5.944 trillion as of Oct. 9. Declines in monetary policy securities and central bank lending were partly offset by higher other claims on euro area credit institutions.
The Indonesia Financial Services Authority highlighted the financing and market access opportunities offered by real world asset tokenization, including models involving gold, government debt securities and property benefits. It stressed the need for legal certainty, governance, technology security and consumer protection, while urging young investors to verify legality and understand risks before investing.
The Guernsey Financial Services Commission has notified businesses that Ruhollah Bazghandi and Shahram Ali Reza Tamarzadeh Jakki are now subject to an asset freeze, director disqualification sanction and travel ban under the Iran sanctions regime. Businesses must check for affected relationships, freeze relevant assets immediately and make the required reports to the Policy & Resources Committee and the Commission.
The Islamic Development Bank Group and the Islamic Financial Services Board have established a multi-year framework linking Islamic finance standard-setting with technical assistance and development financing. The partnership will strengthen national institutions, implementation capacity and research into emerging risks and opportunities.
The Islamic Development Bank Group and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development explored a more structured partnership and a stronger pipeline of joint projects. Cooperation could cover financing and risk-sharing instruments, capital-market development and projects across infrastructure, trade, energy and other sectors in several shared regions.
The Central Bank of the UAE and the National Bank of Georgia have signed a memorandum of understanding covering monetary policy, supervision, payments and financial technology. The framework supports information sharing, capacity building and payment infrastructure modernization to facilitate faster and more secure cross-border transactions.
The Saudi Central Bank licensed Trafileks for money changing activities, including foreign currency trading and currency imports and exports, raising the number of licensed money changers to 64.
The Securities and Exchange Commission of Central Africa reminded investors that securities offerings made available to CEMAC residents are regulated under the region’s financial market framework.
The Vietnam State Securities Commission selected PKF-TTG to audit its centralized specialist data warehouse project under a VND 220 million lump-sum contract. The state-funded engagement provides for three months of noncontinuous work.
The Vietnam State Securities Commission is consulting on draft guidance for converting paper securities practice certificates into electronic form. The consultation covers organizations employing securities practitioners and individual certificate holders.
The Thailand Ministry of Finance outlined plans to expand its Connect the Dots financial data initiative internationally through the Bangkok Blueprint for Fraud-Resilient Financial Services. The framework will promote cross-border information sharing and fund-flow tracing, while domestic measures will strengthen customer due diligence, apply the Travel Rule to digital assets and integrate gold transaction data.
Deputy Finance Minister Juda Agung called on Indonesia to use its demographic dividend over the next 15 years to pursue high income status. He urged investment in human capital and productive jobs alongside industrial upgrading, digitalization and innovation to shift the economy toward higher value production.
Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Authority and eMPF Platform Company Chair Ayesha Macpherson Lau urged business leaders to institutionalize knowledge and consider voluntary MPF contributions to improve employees’ retirement security and retention. She cited eMPF’s centralized administration and earlier detection of suspicious withdrawal claims as an example of long-term system building.
Argentina Superintendent of Insurance Guillermo Plate stressed that insurers must maintain sufficient solvency, coverage and liquidity to meet claims and protect policyholders. Speaking at insurance and judicial sector events in Chaco, he also highlighted insurance’s role in supporting production, investment and regional economic growth.
Argentina's Superintendency of Insurance removed a provision from its insurance regulations to reduce ambiguity over insurers’ obligations. The clarification focuses particularly on health insurance under a service provision model, which insurers were permitted to offer from June 2026.