The International Monetary Fund released the press release and staff report for Canada’s 2025 Article IV consultation, assessing how the economy is adjusting to what it characterises as the largest shift in North American trade policy since NAFTA. The report finds the economy has been more resilient than initially feared, supported by United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement exemptions, resilient consumption, and policy cushioning. It also notes that elevated trade uncertainty has weighed on exports, investment, and confidence, reinforcing long-standing weaknesses in productivity and competitiveness.