The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published a final report setting out its supervisory expectations for the management bodies of entities under its supervision, structured around 12 high-level principles. The principles are framed as outcome-focused expectations, reflecting ESMA’s aim to supervise on a principle-based basis. The principles apply to ESMA-supervised entities and are also relevant to firms seeking ESMA registration and authorisation. They are intended to support supervisory dialogue on governance effectiveness and oversight, while allowing firms to adopt approaches tailored to their nature, scale and complexity. The report positions management bodies as central to overseeing business strategy and the management of corresponding risks. ESMA’s supervisory teams will integrate the 12 principles into supervisory priorities over the course of 2026 and plans to engage with supervised entities on practical implementation.