The Bank of Portugal, together with the Banque de France and Austria’s Oesterreichische Nationalbank, published an agreement to strengthen their cooperation on banknote production, centred on the Banque de France acquiring stakes in banknote printing operations in Portugal and Austria. Under the arrangement, the Banque de France will acquire a stake in OeBS, the Austrian banknote printer owned by Oesterreichische Nationalbank, and in Valora, the Portuguese banknote printer owned by the Bank of Portugal. The move is framed as supporting monetary sovereignty by maintaining control over the industrial and logistical cash supply chain, and it builds on earlier cooperation including Europafi, a joint venture established for banknote paper production. The stated objective is to create a European public cash production hub linking three modern and secure banknote printing facilities.