The Chair of the Committee of Experts on the Evaluation of Anti-Money Laundering Measures (MONEYVAL), Nicola Muccioli, used a keynote address at the 19th Annual European AML/CTF & Financial Crime Conference in London to present results from MONEYVAL’s fifth round of evaluations and to call for stronger effectiveness in money laundering investigations and prosecutions. He pointed to emerging technologies, virtual assets and increasingly sophisticated cross-border financial crime as adding pressure on financial intelligence units and reporting entities, and argued for a shift from “tick-box” compliance towards risk-based, intelligence-driven responses. Looking ahead, he indicated that MONEYVAL’s sixth round of evaluations will continue to prioritise jurisdictions’ effectiveness in tackling illicit flows, with renewed political commitment, adequate resourcing and inter-agency cooperation highlighted as key enablers.