The European Securities and Markets Authority, working with national competent authorities, completed a 2024 analysis of cross-border provision of investment services across the EU and European Economic Area, based on data from investment firms in 30 jurisdictions. The review identified around 370 firms providing cross-border services to retail clients, serving about 10.5 million EU/EEA clients through firms located in other Member States. Compared with 2023, the number of firms fell by 4% while the number of retail clients rose by 32% and complaints increased by 46%. Cyprus was the main location for firms providing cross-border investment services (21% of passporting firms), followed by Luxembourg (15%) and Germany (13%). Germany, France, Spain, and Italy were the most significant destinations for retail clients receiving cross-border services. ESMA plans the next data collection in 2026.