A European Central Bank working paper finds that service-focused government spending can raise goods output and private consumption through household income gains and shifts toward relatively cheaper goods. Household heterogeneity is central to these spillovers, while greater trade openness reduces domestic output gains through imports and exchange rate appreciation.
The Central Bank of the UAE and Mastercard concluded a four-day fraud risk management programme for 25 central bank employees. The training covered emerging digital payment risks and fraud detection and mitigation across issuing and acceptance environments.
The Central Bank of Latvia reported 477.4 million noncash payments worth EUR 597.1 billion in the first half of 2026, up 6% by volume and 2% by value year over year. Card payments accounted for 59% of transaction volume, while instant payments represented more than one-quarter of customer credit transfers.
The Central Bank of Estonia has published its monthly balance of payments flash estimate, based on a smaller dataset than its quarterly statistics. The third quarter 2026 balance of payments will be released on December 9, 2026.
The State Bank of Pakistan’s Monetary Policy Committee held the policy rate at 11.5%, with seven of 10 members supporting the decision as appropriate to guide inflation toward the 5-7% target range. Headline inflation reached 11.1% in August, while the prolonged Middle East conflict and higher global commodity prices have increased risks to the outlook.
The Monetary Authority of Macao convened a conference on strengthening retirement protection through life annuities and pension funds. The Social Security Fund is preparing a transition from a nonmandatory to a mandatory provident fund system, while regulators emphasized prudent management and consumer protection.
The European Banking Federation highlighted an independent study concluding that EU law neither provides nor permits the creation of a general right to vocational training enforceable against employers. Existing EU directives address training only in support of other policy objectives, while national frameworks vary across member states.
The Bank of the Lao reported that ASEAN central banks discussed macroeconomic risks, artificial intelligence in finance and policy challenges linked to capital account liberalization. The committee adopted an analysis to guide future cooperation and addressed sustainable capital markets, including Lao PDR’s first green bond. Its work will move into a new ASEAN central bank deputy governors’ framework in 2027.
The Guernsey Financial Services Commission has notified businesses that S-Mikron Elektronik’s details have been amended, but the entity remains subject to Russia sanctions. Businesses must check for affected relationships, freeze relevant assets and make the required reports, while regulated firms must also notify the Commission after fulfilling their statutory reporting obligations.
The Guernsey Financial Services Commission has reviewed the first year of its Digital Finance Initiative, highlighting targeted changes on tokenisation, virtual asset services, financial crime technology and early regulatory engagement. It is now progressing a stablecoin framework, with feedback and rules expected by the end of 2026.
The Bank for International Settlements found that risk appetite held firm despite rising sovereign yields, geopolitical tensions and concerns over fiscal sustainability and technology valuations. Investors shifted toward higher-quality credit, non-US equities and emerging markets, while leverage in bond and equity products remained a financial stability concern. Separate studies examine technology-driven private credit growth, bank compensation deferrals, international credit to Africa and central bank communication on core inflation.
The Thailand Securities and Exchange Commission is consulting on revised fees for depository receipt offerings under proposed annual shelf arrangements. Issuers would pay THB 50,000 at initial approval and annual renewal, plus THB 15,000 per foreign underlying security for each filing, rather than both fees for every application.
The Vietnam State Securities Commission has opened round III registration through Sept. 29 for an examination expected in October in Ho Chi Minh City. Round IV is planned for November in Hanoi, with application dates to follow. The fee is VND 1 million per certificate type, and candidates must score at least 60% in each section.
The Central Bank of Taiwan approved EnTie Commercial Bank to conduct specified foreign currency money trust business. It also authorized Bank of Taiwan, Mega International Commercial Bank and First Commercial Bank to issue negotiable certificates of deposit denominated in foreign currencies.
South Korea's Financial Services Commission reported that five policy finance institutions supplied KRW 42 trillion in climate finance through July, reaching 74.1% of the annual target. Its new interagency task force will coordinate transition finance standards, sectoral decarbonization roadmaps and climate finance data infrastructure. A final transition finance code of practice is planned by the end of October.
The Central Bank of Russia has updated stress testing scenarios for non-governmental pension funds, which will apply them from September 30, 2026. The scenarios cover faster advanced-economy inflation, foreign market volatility and a period of tight Russian monetary policy, while clarifying the valuation of bonds linked to the key rate.
The Bank of Thailand is preparing commemorative banknotes honoring Queen Sirikit The Queen Mother and Princess Bajrakitiyabha for public exchange later in 2026. Current exchange arrangements apply a limit of 20 banknotes per denomination per person.
The Central Bank of Russia reported continued retail investment in corporate bonds, money market funds and shares, while demand for foreign currency declined for a third month. The review will now track sales of securities purchased under presidential permits, with share sales of just over RUB 1 billion in the past three months having little effect on prices.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan has joined the United Nations Development Programme’s Sustainable Insurance Forum. The membership provides access to regulatory cooperation, knowledge sharing and working groups focused on sustainability and climate risks in insurance supervision.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan briefed media representatives on the regulation, supervision and development of non-bank credit organizations. The session also addressed financial leasing, responsible lending, consumer protection and access to financial services, without announcing new regulatory measures.
Serbia's annual inflation was 2.2% in August, below the 3% target midpoint, despite higher energy prices and core inflation of 4.7%. The National Bank of Serbia expects inflation to rise to around 4% in September but remain within the target tolerance band over the next two years.
China’s outstanding aggregate social financing rose 7.2% year on year to CNY 464.8 trillion at the end of August, while M2 grew 7.5%. Financing flows totaled CNY 23.91 trillion in the first eight months, CNY 2.64 trillion less than a year earlier, as weaker renminbi lending and government bond financing outweighed stronger corporate bond issuance. Household loans declined by CNY 1.03 trillion, while lending to nonfinancial enterprises and public institutions increased by CNY 11.26 trillion.
The Angola Capital Markets Commission participated in a SADC capacity-building program for regulatory board members focused on emerging financial-sector risks. Discussions covered AI governance, data-driven supervision, cybersecurity, climate resilience and the skills boards need to oversee technological change.
The Central Bank of Cyprus examines the rise and subsequent decline of nonperforming loans, the factors driving their reduction and the key lessons.
The Insurance and Private Pension Regulation and Supervision Agency of Türkiye will recruit three secretaries, two drivers and five support services staff for Istanbul. Applicants need a relevant 2024 public service examination score of at least 70 and must complete oral examinations, with drivers also subject to a practical test.
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority reported that Exchange Fund foreign assets fell by HKD 41.8 billion in August to HKD 3,652.7 billion. The Monetary Base stood at HKD 2,080.2 billion, with private-sector claims of HKD 403.1 billion and foreign liabilities of HKD 140.3 billion.
The Spanish Securities Commission found erroneous and inconsistent data, as well as potential compliance weaknesses, in 2025 anti-money laundering returns from securities firms, managers and cryptoasset service providers. It will follow up with affected entities, consider low levels of reported alerts and investigations in further supervision, and update its reporting manual.
De Nederlandsche Bank found that interest rate changes transmit less strongly to euro area growth and inflation when uncertainty is high, particularly financial or geopolitical uncertainty. This may require central banks to respond more strongly and assess multiple uncertainty measures when calibrating policy.
The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority is consulting on raising the reciprocal Austrian sectoral systemic risk buffer from 1% to 2%, then to 3.5% from July 1, 2027. The measure would cover defined Austrian construction and real estate exposures above EUR 100 million on a solo, sub-consolidated or consolidated basis.
The National Bank of the Republic of Tajikistan licensed PKF Tajikistan LLC to audit insurance organizations.
The Central Bank of Venezuela will require all bank deposits, including current accounts, to earn interest from Sept. 15, 2026, with a 10% minimum annual rate for demand deposits. Minimum rates will rise to 42% for savings deposits and 46% for fixed term deposits.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Paul Atkins has asked staff to develop a proposal allowing investment advisers, under specified conditions, to self-custody crypto assets or use state trust companies as custodians. He framed the measure alongside proposed crypto issuance rules and transfer agent modernization as a broader framework for issuing, trading, transferring and holding crypto assets.
Sen. Elizabeth Warren, the Senate Banking Committee’s ranking member, sought unanimous consent for legislation that would terminate World Liberty Trust Company’s federal banking charter. The bill would restrict banking approvals for applicants owned or controlled by certain senior government officials and unwind covered approvals granted since Jan. 20, 2025.
The Brazil Securities Commission has launched a new portal for investor inquiries, complaints and reports, which must now be used for all new requests. Existing cases will remain in the previous system until concluded, while regulated entities and administrative record requests must use their dedicated channels.
The Argentina Securities Commission has made transfers the only permitted method for receiving and disbursing client funds in the capital markets. The requirement is designed to ensure immediate fund availability, avoid check rejections and strengthen controls and transaction traceability.
The Brazil Securities Commission updated market participants on its Tokenization Working Group and the emerging regulatory agenda for tokenized securities. Discussions covered tokenized shares and real assets, distributed ledger technology across post-trade activities, market infrastructure and exchange competition.
The World Savings and Retail Banking Institute reported early gains from its Nigeria climate-smart lending pilot, including crop-loss reductions of up to 50%, yield increases of up to 100% and post-harvest loss reductions of up to 60%. The three-year initiative targets USD 20 million in credit for 20,000 smallholder farmers and support for 5,000 SMEs annually, with specific allocations for women farmers and female-led businesses.
The Thailand Securities and Exchange Commission appointed Apisit Suksakorn as assistant secretary general for digital technology, effective Jan. 1, 2027. He will oversee the authority’s technology, data analytics, IT audit and cyber risk supervision functions.
The Central Bank of Syria announced Syria’s first locally issued electronic payment card accepted internationally, launched through QNB Syria and Mastercard under rules governing connections to qualified global and regional payment networks.
The Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved Marina Vyacheslavovna Ten for another senior management position in the securities market under Protocol No. 340/РЦБ/Т of Sept. 9, 2026.
The Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission facilitated the arrests of two Dermacare officers over alleged unauthorized investment solicitation, investment fraud and syndicated estafa. The purported franchise investment scheme promised guaranteed quarterly returns of 12.6% for five years.
The New Zealand Financial Markets Authority has secured the liquidation of 23 additional Chance Voight group entities after the High Court found the active entities insolvent and determined that liquidating the inactive companies was just and equitable. All group entities are now under the same liquidators, while the authority’s investigation continues.
The Taiwan Financial Services Commission appointed Hsi-sheng Lin as counselor and transferred Cheng-shan Chou to replace him as director general of the Department of Development and Innovation, effective Sept. 14, 2026.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission has opened third-quarter applications for innovative financial service designations under its regulatory sandbox, with online submissions accepted through 6 p.m. on Sept. 30. Applicants can access free staged consulting, while reviews will take up to 120 days before final decisions by the commission.
The South Korea Financial Services Commission announced about KRW 103 trillion in Chuseok financing for small businesses and small and midsize enterprises, including KRW 23 trillion from policy financial institutions and KRW 79.6 trillion from banks. Payments and loan maturities due during the September 24-27 holiday will generally shift to September 28 without late charges, while housing pension payments will be advanced to September 23. Banks will also operate mobile and flexible branches for essential transactions.
The Thailand Office of Insurance Commission will study multilingual online access to compulsory motor insurance for vehicles entering Thailand from Laos. Options include QR codes at border checkpoints, digital payment and proof of coverage, and tools for verifying insurance status.
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand has published four near-final Deposit Takers Act standards and licensing questions for existing regulated deposit takers. The standards cover liquidity, depositor compensation, mortgage lending and overseas incorporation, and are due to take effect on Dec. 1, 2028. Licensing opens on June 1, 2027, with a streamlined process for existing entities and a full process for new entrants.
The Saudi Arabia Insurance Authority will co-host Money20/20 Middle East from Sept. 14 to 16 and highlight its national strategy, digital transformation and insurance technology priorities. It will also present the risk-based capital framework supporting a target to raise risk-based capital from SAR 25 billion to SAR 50 billion by 2030.
The Palestine Capital Market Authority concluded workshops for listed companies on a governance index that will classify them by compliance with governance instructions. The index covers 65 criteria across five pillars, and the authority will use company feedback to refine its methodology and application.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority has expanded the pool of eligible auditors for professional insurance firms to include those registered in Sections I, II(A) and II(B) of its register. The cost easing applies to insurance intermediaries, consultants and risk and loss assessment experts, and will take effect the day after publication in the Egyptian Gazette.
The Oman Financial Services Authority joined a roadshow in mainland China and Hong Kong to explore capital markets cooperation, financial partnerships and cross-border investment. It also discussed regulatory cooperation with Chinese and Hong Kong securities regulators and presented Oman’s market to prospective investors.
Greece’s Ministry of National Economy and Finance will soon present about 30 opportunities that could attract up to EUR 20 billion in new investment over 10 years. The Invest Ahead roadmap seeks to close Greece’s investment gap by promoting larger, more technology intensive and export oriented businesses.
The Algeria Market Authority hosted two meetings with the Saudi Capital Market Authority on fintech, crowdfunding and sukuk market development. Discussions covered Algeria’s crowdfunding regime, fintech laboratory initiatives and Saudi experience with sukuk regulation, supervision and market development.
The Central Bank of Egypt named FinFamily the winner of the fourth FinTech Got Talent university competition, followed by PayRamids and Pockety. All three teams will represent Egypt at the Arab FinTech Challenge in Jordan from Sept. 21 to 24, 2026. The wider FinYology initiative now spans 31 universities and has involved about 24,000 students in roughly 1,060 projects.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority expects to launch regulated short selling within the next few weeks once the centralized lending system and broker connections are completed. It is also prioritizing market making, with a stamp duty exemption and possible further incentives, while advancing Basel III and Solvency II related prudential reforms.
The Kuwait Capital Markets Authority’s decision revokes the license of KFH Contractual Healthcare Company and provides for liquidation of its healthcare investment system. The company and system will be removed from the relevant registers after liquidation, while the manager remains responsible for earlier legal obligations.
The Central Bank of Iraq announced a seven-day Islamic certificate of deposit auction for Sept. 15, 2026. Eligible Islamic banks must hold more than IQD 50 billion in private-sector dinar deposits and may bid between IQD 50 billion and IQD 500 billion.
The Jordan Securities Commission and the Association of Banks in Jordan signed an agreement covering information sharing, joint research, technical cooperation and training. The framework also enables them to exchange advice and expertise on reviews of relevant legislation, policies and regulatory frameworks.
Saudi Arabia’s Capital Market Authority has suspended trading in United Cooperative Assurance shares following an application to commence liquidation. The suspension will remain until the authority and commercial court issue their respective decisions.
Malaysia's Ministry of Finance has updated on a Singapore High Court claim seeking about SGD 1.298 billion from DBS over funds allegedly misappropriated from 1MDB and SRC. The claim concerns five accounts allegedly used to channel more than USD 1 billion, while the government's remaining loss from the 1MDB scandal is estimated at MYR 20 billion.
ASEAN has outlined Philippine-hosted ministerial meetings in September and October to prepare priorities and recommendations for its 49th Summit in November. The agenda centers on economic integration, disaster resilience, tourism investment, gender equality, energy and regional security.
The Bermuda Ministry of Finance published an outcome statement from a Sept. 8-12 meeting of Caribbean Overseas Territories leaders. Discussions focused on economic and financial services resilience, climate and disaster preparedness, regional cooperation and citizen wellbeing ahead of November’s Pre-Joint Ministerial Council Meetings.
Bank of Albania Governor Gent Sejko and French Embassy official Pierre Sentenac discussed Albania’s economic outlook, EU integration and institutional cooperation. The meeting highlighted stable economic and financial indicators, tourism’s contribution to growth and increased bank financing for the sector.
European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde called for deeper integration of Europe’s energy grids, services, capital markets and payment systems to support growth and reduce external dependence. She reiterated the ECB’s 2% inflation objective and presented the digital euro as a European payment option alongside cash. Faster artificial intelligence adoption could add about EUR 630 billion annually to the euro area economy within a decade, according to ECB estimates.
Bank of Albania Governor Gent Sejko and French Embassy official Pierre Sentenac discussed Albania’s economic outlook, EU integration and institutional cooperation. The meeting highlighted tourism’s contribution to growth, increased bank financing for related activities and the continued stability of key economic, monetary and financial indicators.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority has mandated real-time reporting to I-Score throughout the financing lifecycle for consumer finance and licensed medium, small and microenterprise finance providers. Covered entities must complete the electronic link within three months after the decisions take effect, while consumer finance companies also face monthly reporting requirements.
The Egypt Financial Regulatory Authority issued a comprehensive second edition of the Egyptian Real Estate Valuation Standards, replacing the framework introduced in 2015 and aligning it with current international standards. The rules strengthen requirements for valuation methods, data, independence, conflict disclosure, documentation and record retention, while adding guidance for property rights and assets under development. They will take effect the day after publication in the Egyptian Gazette.
European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde defended the latest rate increase as a response to euro area inflation of 3.3% and a prolonged energy shock. She expects continued energy price pressure despite risks to growth. Lagarde also warned that elevated artificial intelligence valuations could correct, although Europe’s financial sector is stronger than during earlier crises.
The Turkmenistan Ministry of Finance is preparing a September conference in Ashgabat on innovation and digital technologies as drivers of economic growth. It will address artificial intelligence, financial technology, electronic government, digital services and the wider modernization of the economy.
Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Finance reported that S&P Global affirmed the Kingdom’s A+ sovereign rating with a stable outlook. The assessment reflects resilient non-oil growth, strong government assets and energy export flexibility, while S&P forecasts a 0.9% GDP contraction in 2026 followed by 8.2% growth in 2027.
The Central Bank of Brunei Darussalam encouraged MSMEs to use takaful and insurance to manage operational and financial risks. Businesses should select coverage based on their risk exposure, operations, budget and needs, including potential protection for property, vehicles, cyber incidents, liabilities and key personnel.
The Central Bank of Belize will place its National Symbols Coin Series into circulation on September 18, 2026. Existing coins featuring Queen Elizabeth II will remain legal tender, while a limited edition painted 50 cent Mahogany Tree coin will be sold only as a collectible.
Türkiye’s insurance regulator will raise compulsory motor third-party liability insurance premium caps by 1.5% for October 2026. Taxis and specified minibuses and buses will face an additional 2% increase from Oct. 1, 2026.
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission adopted a presumption that qualifying whistleblowers receive the maximum 30 percent award when the aggregate payment would be USD 5 million or less. The presumption remains subject to safeguards covering claimant conduct, reporting delays, assistance and the public interest. The SEC-aligned rule takes effect 30 days after Federal Register publication.
The Central Bank of Paraguay and the University of Salamanca have opened the third edition of their economic law master's program for 30 central bank officials. The program covers regulation, financial markets, insurance and securities markets to strengthen participants' technical and legal capabilities.
The Central Bank of Cuba has removed prior authorization requirements for economic actors opening foreign currency accounts in Cuba or abroad, replacing them with notification obligations. Complementary rules expand foreign currency use in intercompany and wholesale transactions, while retail USD operations remain subject to national-interest approval. Cash foreign currency accepted by non-state actors must be deposited into designated fiscal accounts.
Senate Finance Committee ranking Democrat Ron Wyden and Senate Banking Committee ranking Democrat Elizabeth Warren asked Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent to explain sanctioned Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov's attendance at a U.S.-hosted G20 meeting. They requested details on the administration's compliance with U.S. law and a response by Oct. 10.
The Central Bank of Aruba reported that enterprise loans rose by AWG 178.5 million to AWG 2.45 billion in the second quarter of 2026, driving most of the AWG 217.5 million increase in private sector claims. Broad money grew by AWG 497.4 million to AWG 7.72 billion, while commercial banks’ interest rate margin narrowed to 3.6%.
The Financial Stability Board convened public and private sector representatives to consider practical ways to strengthen preparedness for significant operational disruptions. Discussions focused on trust, lessons from incidents and exercises, effective collaboration and interoperability across sectors and jurisdictions.
The Bank of Albania and the United Nations Development Programme discussed stronger cooperation on green finance, financial inclusion, digital education and payment systems. Potential joint work could also support climate capacity building, cybersecurity and small and medium-sized enterprises’ access to finance, although no specific measures were announced.
Angola's Ministry of Finance has opened Standard Bank Angola's public offering as part of the state's disposal of a 34% stake. Standard Bank Group will acquire 24% through its pre-emption right, while the planned listing will diversify the bank's ownership and increase governance, transparency and reporting requirements.
The National Securities and Stock Market Commission of Ukraine approved outsourcing and market abuse controls and assessed three bills on voluntary pension funds and related tax and civil law changes. Its 71 decisions also addressed enforcement procedures, temporary state management of sanctioned entities, regulated firm appointments and securities issuances.
The Central Bank of Poland published the results of an NBP bill sale auction conducted as a fine-tuning open market operation.
The Central Bank of Iceland will double its weekly foreign currency purchases to EUR 12 million from Sept. 15, 2026, reflecting higher than expected Treasury needs. The program is scheduled to end on Oct. 15, and the bank does not expect it to materially affect the króna’s exchange rate.
The National Bank of Georgia named civics teacher Amiran Khimshiashvili as the first National Financial Education Award winner. He received GEL 5,000 for his work promoting financial education, while the next competition will cover the 2026-2027 academic year.
The Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency discussed economic and financial developments with an International Monetary Fund delegation during its regular mission to Croatia. The meeting focused on domestic and international risks, potential vulnerabilities and trends affecting financial stability.
The Central Bank of the Republic of Azerbaijan’s working group reviewed 2026 implementation results for 15 measures designed to strengthen resilience to internal and external shocks. It discussed progress and outstanding issues under the 2022–2026 socioeconomic development strategy and identified next steps to improve effectiveness.
European Central Bank Executive Board member Philip R. Lane presented projections showing euro area inflation at 3 percent in 2026 before easing to 2.1 percent in 2028. Real GDP growth is forecast at 0.9 percent in 2026, rising to 1.5 percent in 2028. A severe Middle East conflict scenario would lift 2027 inflation to 5.4 percent and cut growth to 0.4 percent.
The Central Bank of Nigeria’s August survey showed business confidence rising to 14.8 from 5.7 in July, with respondents expecting further gains through February 2027. Businesses anticipated naira appreciation but persistently elevated borrowing costs, while taxation, insecurity and high interest rates remained the leading constraints.
The Central Bank of Nigeria’s August survey found that inflation perceptions eased slightly but remained high, with the index declining to 39.6 points from 40.0 in July. Energy, insecurity, interest rates and exchange rates were the main perceived drivers. Most respondents wanted interest rates reduced, while expectations remained tilted toward further inflation increases.
Bolivia's Ministry of Finance reported a 2.07% monthly rise in wholesale prices in August 2026, with the 12-month rate reaching 2.77%. Nationally produced goods rose 1.74% and imported goods increased 3.76%, driven mainly by manufacturing. The Consumer Price Index remains Bolivia’s sole official inflation measure.
The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions outlined a risk appetite shift that preserves resilience as its primary responsibility while giving greater weight to economic growth and competition. Planned work includes more tailored capital and liquidity requirements, simpler entry for new institutions and annual removal of redundant, obsolete or trivial regulation.
The Russian Ministry of Finance reported Russian-Indian talks on sustainable mutual settlement arrangements and the drafting of an intergovernmental agreement on investment promotion and protection.
The Bank of Namibia named Reverend Juuso Shikongo SS the champion of its 2026 National High School Competition, awarding the school NAD 50,000. A record 206 schools and 824 learners participated across all 14 regions.
The South African Reserve Bank’s Prudential Authority imposed three cautions and penalties totaling ZAR 1.6 million on Albaraka Bank for late regulatory reports and deficiencies in its Risk Management and Compliance Programme. ZAR 440,000 of the penalty is conditionally suspended, and the bank has remediated the identified deficiencies.
The South African Reserve Bank’s Prudential Authority has disclosed five cautions and ZAR 28 million in penalties against Capitec for Financial Intelligence Centre Act breaches identified in a 2023 inspection. The failures covered due diligence, employee training and controls for anti-money laundering screening, terrorist property reporting and financial sanctions, with ZAR 5.5 million of the penalty conditionally suspended for 36 months.
The South African Reserve Bank’s Prudential Authority has sanctioned Ninety One Assurance Limited for due diligence and compliance program deficiencies under the Financial Intelligence Centre Act. The measures include two cautions, two reprimands and a ZAR 6 million penalty, with ZAR 2.5 million conditionally suspended for 36 months from June 19, 2025.
The Central Bank of Ecuador reported a USD 2.84 billion trade surplus for January through July 2026, with exports rising 9.3% to USD 23.29 billion. The July surplus reached USD 504.4 million, reversing a USD 257 million deficit recorded a year earlier.
U.S. and UK financial authorities conducted a tabletop exercise on the hypothetical resolution of central counterparties. They reviewed information-sharing and communications arrangements designed to support financial stability during a resolution.
Central Bank of Chile President Rosanna Costa will address Chile’s economic and inflation outlook and monetary policy challenges at Chile Day events in Madrid and London from Sept. 14 to 16. She will also meet Bank of Spain Governor José Luis Escrivá to discuss global economic conditions, geopolitical tensions and institutional cooperation.